I managed to see the show first hand and want to give my impressions.
A large delegation of friends from the USA specially flew to Paris to look at this great show, by their scale reminiscent of a concert of famous rock group, which holds thousands of rooms, but it is a bit different, and here is another situation. The principal there were of course Tony, with his vert team representatives Street skating on the backburner, even an entirely new rock band Dead by Sunrise (solo project of Linkin Park) piarialas none other than “Thank you Tony, that he invited us on this show! But that was not only about skateboarding, Quiksilver at this event brought together all the people fond of sports and sympathetic to the brand.
On the first day on the Street site were qualifiers among the invited riders who competed for the prize of 20,000 euros. Can also be observed as around the park, known graffiti artist Andre, were painted wagons and cars. On the day of the show, graffiti paint directly on the stage, while having played a DJ and not as mediocre as the inscription on the canvas was just tony.
In the evening there was a press conference where Tony introduced his friends, those whom he will ride to the show and answered questions from the audience, the question of when such a show to appear in Russia, Tony joked. But why not, the desire to have the properties embodied. Unfortunately, for a personal interview with Tony was given very little time. After the press conference, Tony could be seen rubbing the megarampe than that and took advantage of Cyril Umrikhin, which closely depends on the ramp, where, until nobody could skin was crying all night.
Second day was open finals in the street, where the protagonist has Bastien Salabanzi, second place took Eero Anttila, 3rd Chris Pfanner. Day held an autograph session in the store Quiksilver on the Champs Elysees, where it was quite difficult to get, people spend hours standing in line for autographs. In fact, the autograph session was no different from any other, except that even the press had to stand turn to capture this event.
And late in the afternoon people began to congregate to Grand Palais, where the full-played by such groups and performers as Tha Thrickaz, Dead Rock Machine, Mix Master Mike and Bob Sinclar. The people filled the space with a geometric progression, and every minute of it increasingly difficult to pass between humans.
It began with a parade show the 30 most notorious names in extreme sports, such as Robby Naish, Kelly Slater, Travis Rice, Torah Bright, Mark Haziza, Candide Thovex, Jérémy Florès, Mathieu Crépel, Serge Vitelli, Mark Richards, Tom Carroll and others. All the stars came out to the main stage and tore the applause, and each person was steeper than the previous one.
Lucky person at the forefront got freebie from prorayderov, some stripped to shorts in front of the crowd, throwing the audience, all that was his. After the parade of stars on the ramp came Tony Hawk and his friends: Andy Mcdonald, Sandro Dias, Sergie Ventura, Kevin Stabb, Jean Postec, Lyn-Z Adams Hawkins and others.
And the show started … All the attention on themselves to pull Tony, but the level he did not yield Sando Dias, Andy Macdonald and Sergie Ventura. Comment show well-known leading almost all the major competitions Dave Duncan, with his famous hoarse voice, sometimes shouting into the microphone was taken Sergie Ventura, but his “squeaky” voice causes one to smile! Show a ramp is not a competition, here is a bet on entertainment tricks. After all, most people skateboarding primarily associated with Werth. It looked spectacular “double”, “triple” when the time rolled on two, three and even four-skater doing tricks and each other.
What surprised me the most, because that is what Tony Hawk in his forty-odd years was able to quickly make a 900 degrees (2.5 turns), I thought that this trick from the category of those that can be done once in a life or do it in an age when you are particularly “hot”. The second shock was skating girls Lyn-Z Adams Hawkins, who easily made the various frontside air, and backside air, and always at the end tried McTwist and in the end she still did the trick for the first time it is at this show than frustrated ovation.
Immediately upon the show on the ramp rolled out drums and started the concert of Dead by Sunrise, which recently released its debut album, is the leader of the Linkin Park singer Chester Benington.
Summarizing, we can definitely say that the shows took place and did not leave anybody indifferent, mega tricks from the “old men”, first made McTwist from a girl, not to mention about the strong stritovy Contest! And the impressions of the situation and the party is difficult to convey in words.
Although it is already in the 40′s were in California (USA) first precursor of a skateboard, is the origin of modern skateboarding, once called “Asphalt Surfer”, in the 60′s and was created by the transfer of the U.S. west coast popular surfing on the asphalt or concrete. A major technical advance meant the development of polyurethane wheels with better adhesion and rolling properties and the construction of the principle axis system still in use today, the weight-mobility enables the steering of the skateboard. In the early 90s, changed the shape of the normal street-skateboards to a leaner, almost symmetric cut with almost equally long protrusions at the nose and tail. This design and thereby facilitated movement and leverage new forms of tricks were executed.
In its construction way the skateboard seems to be now ripe, experiments with new materials (eg Boards of aluminum or carbon layers) or axis technology (for longboards) could not enforce or cause so far only a niche existence.
In recent decades there have been several phases in which enjoyed great popularity skating. They were replaced by periods when the sport lost many of his supporters and he was pursued by only a few people. Many small skateboard companies had large losses in times retract or even close.
An important means of communication in the scene are regularly published print publications and video.
Culture of skateboarding
Skateboarding is hardly conventional sports leagues or associations vergleichbar.Es lacking, controlling the sport in local, national or international hierarchies. Yet care organizations to the existence of a global network to implement wireless competitions such as the “Mastership” a kind of World Cup in Munster, the X-Games in California or here in regular so-called “contests”. There is the “World Cup of Skateboarding” [1] and in Germany the “Club of Skaters” [2]. In this contest there are real international rankings skateboarders. The skating is still in the self of many skaters rather than individualized expression of life (sometimes regarded as a kind of art) rather than sport. Contests (contests) are therefore mostly sporadic and often have a distinctly social character.
The “out of the use and” appropriation of public space often arising conflict and criminalization of experience, the first roots of skateboarding in the “dropout mentality of the surfers,” as well as result the required creativity skating subculture are rooted to this day. So it is a certain connection with music styles (punk and ska-punk, hip-hop, metal), the fashion and the visual arts received (eg, graffiti, graphic design, photography).
Because of lack of largely organizational structure, its character and mostly unregulated willed young practitioners skateboarding is expected often to the so-called recreational sports. Against this classification, however, speaks next to his sub-cultural connections, the continuity of skateboarding, which is now carried on for decades. In addition, the complexity of the sport demands on perseverance and willingness to learn, restricting the nature of fast-learn and fast-paced trend sports.
Skateboarding is still predominantly male dominated. However, in recent years, more and more females are interested in this sport. Kate Boarder professional women, such as Elissa Steamer, while an example set dar. The skateboard industry, particularly in the area of clothing and footwear, adapts to this trend and now fashion designs especially for young women.
A Basic trick of modern skateboarding, the ollie. This trick is a technique that by the time and motor coordination of incremental encoders, the board soar drooping kick to the rear projection (tail) and a leading motion of the front foot can jump with the skateboard. Although the skateboard with the driver is not connected, can the deck in the flight phase of the jump is controlled by this technique and controlled. The Ollie was by Alan “Ollie” Gelfand in the first half pipe, a so-called “No Hand Air” (air jump in the halfpipe where the deck has not been fixed with a hand beneath the feet), invented and applied. Later, the Ollie Rodney Mullen on flat terrain and street skating transferred.
Frontside Smith Grind on a flat RailDie naming of the skateboard tricks in the current skating is defined as a rule of the running with a skateboard jump or movements (usually turns of the deck around the longitudinal axis, so-called flip-tricks, or the vertical central axis , called Shove-its, and the combination of both is possible), from the movements of the driver in relation to his board, from the position of the driver jumped the barrier and from the movements on the barrier itself is also important, which part Skateboards of an obstacle is jumped: Slides of the skater with the wooden part of the skateboard (deck) on an object, refers to this as a slide (such as tricks boardslide, Noseslide, Tailslide). In addition, there are Bluntslides and Nosebluntslides in which the skater slides either on the rolls of the front or rear axle. He slips the other hand, with one or two axles at the edge of an object, we speak of a Grind (eg 5-0 Grind tricks, with the participation of the rear axle, or 50-50 Grind with participation of both axes). With so-called grave Tricks affect the driver (skaters) with one or both hands, the skateboard (eg Nosegrab, with the front hand touches the nose). The great diversity of modern skateboarding is achieved through multiple combinations of different, individual tricks in a total trick. Increased difficulty is also to perform a trick, while contrary to the individual and intuitive given foot position (either “regular”, ie, the left foot is forward on the board, or “goofy” and thus with the right foot forward) to the board is (or switch Switchstance drive) and reverse runs (ie do a fakie trick). In addition to the increasingly difficult combinations of tricks are skating by jumps (eg on steps or other obstacles, or “gaps”) and also overcome grinds and slides (eg stair railings, English: Hand Rails) is always greater heights and widths.
Street
The focus today is the street skating. made here are the tricks to either the urban areas found on such obstacles (obstacles) (walls, stairs, handrails, ramps and the like), or in an artificial obstacle landscape (Skate Park – usually made of wood, built sometimes of concrete) to the urban area is modeled in skateboardoptimierter form. Street skating for the pure outside the skate park, it is through the use of public space, and often with the attendant property damage and noise skating developments frequent confrontations with residents, home and property owners as well as the forces of order. A suitable for street skating terrain, often at the same time also a meeting place for skaters, will be spot genannt.Streetspots recognized very well by the black wax!
Vert
In addition to the street skating the vert skating (of English is. Vertical upright for dt) still relevant. Here, the skateboard is ridden in a custom-built half-pipe, one in the profile U-shaped engineered plant in which vert skaters two opposing at the top of vertical cliffs (traverses), which are due to rounding (transitions) with an intermediate, horizontal level (flat) are connected. The tricks in vert skating, either as a flight Tricks (airs) performed above the wall or at the most with a steel pipe (coping) must end edge of the cliff (Liptrick). – A popular variation of the halfpipe is the mini ramp, a low specific construction without the vertical portion of the wall. In the design of mini ramp half pipe and you can find the roots of skateboarding and again: the curves and some of the lessons arising recall motion to surfing (surfing). The skateboard Liptrick the surf style of the last decades (new school have helped to shape). used with the half-pipe of the loop, a rather rare design that allows the skaters after the entering of a higher speed one vertical loop (loop is to drive).
Other
Of (currently) less important than street and vert skating are freestyle, slalom and downhill skating. Freestyle skating (especially popular in the 1980s) is dispensed largely on the integration of obstacles. The tricks are done here with artistic focus and accented with involvement of the skateboard as a kind of gymnastic equipment predominantly on a level surface. In the slalom skating (especially popular in the 1970s) is about the quick and accurate passing of a slalom course. Downhill skating is the most with one longboard and running on very high-scale management on a run.
STREET SURFING: THE NEW SKATE TWO WHEELS!
The new wave called “Street Surfing” is a new concept of urban slides together surfing, skateboard and snowboard, all in a. A new sport of skiing more and more likely to offer a blessing of feelings ….Fans and followers of skate and snowboard will love!
A global phenomenon …Distributed by Street Surfing France, The Wave ™ comes straight from the U.S. where it is present on the market since 2005.Real trend of the Atlantic, Street Surfing continues to conquer new territories and expand its success.Many countries have already fallen in love with this new slide: Canada via Brazil and Argentina but also Germany, Spain or Switzerland to name a few!
A pioneer of the discipline, products and brand Street Surfing is protected by numerous patents and distributed in over 30 countries.
“The Wave ™” a unique and incomparable board …Composed of two plates connected by a torsion bar mounted on two wheels swivel 360 °, is a board that advance all alone with a twist movement of “without having to set foot ashore. It may even go up a hill … what makes it unique.
The Wave ™ is THE brand of Street Surfing in France, product quality and guaranteed for one year, our board meets the requirements of the more daring riders and has an incomparable strength material on the market.
Here in France …Available in France since early 2008, Street Surfing is now a slide that appears in many cities. Already thousands of French engaged in the “Fun Slide” what the Street Surfing.In Paris and the provinces, demonstrations are routinely put up with municipalities or events. Open to all, the Street Surfing is an activity that appeals because of its ease and the pleasures it provides. Moreover, this discipline helps develop a sense of balance and promotes the coordination of movements.
Then you also treat yourself to this new skate 2 wheels!
its history, techniques and personalities of the discipline:
Sport, art, lifestyle or hobby just fashionable? The skateboard that has developed in the 1950s remains an ever-changing constantly evolving according to the codes that are unique. One certainty: skateboarding, mostly urban activity, has not yet yielded all its secrets. Here are some keys to try to decrypt a lot of practice setting and often misunderstood:
There is no doubt skateboards that were manufactured before the Second World War. The early versions of skate are similar to the scooter today also called ‘scooter’ in the U.S.. Early boards were often from a trolley or a trolley to wheel deviated from its utilitarian functions. But if we can not precisely define the time zero skate however you can easily identify when he took his real boom. Experts agree on one point as well: the skate was developed in the 50s in California (USA) in the towns that lined the coast. At that time, the lack of wave surfers during periods of flat began to set roller skating under surfboards. Soon the idea was improved upon to compensate for the lack of maneuverability: were replaced by surfboards boards flat and short, thin wheels of steel wheels clay, but also fragile and slippery to comfort.
Success was quick on the California coast and then won the rest of the continent’s cities. He was such that in the late 50s early skateboard brands emerge with “Roller Derby” in 1959. Larry Stevenson, publisher of a guide to surfing, but was one of the strongest proponents of the skate in the USA. It then skateboarding as an alternative to surfing and also creates its own brand and his company Makaha soon followed by the famous surfer Hobie Alter (Hobie Skateboards – 1964) who created the first fiberglass boards.
Everything goes so fast: In 1963 occurs the first skateboard competition at Hermosa Beach, California.
Makaha organizes the first tour to promote the skaters skate in the USA.
The first issue of Skateboarder Magazine appeared in 1964 and 1965 held the first international skateboarding, in Anaheim, California with two disciplines: Freestyle and Slalom. The event is broadcast on television, some skaters are the covers of magazines like Life and a short 18min film “Skater Dater” comes on screen. Over 50 million skateboards were sold then. The fervor reached Europe in those years.In France, it is released under the name ‘Roll Surf’ Hossegor and presented papers in several youth who relay then emerging phenomenon of slides came from the USA.
But in 1965 the movement ran out of steam in the United States. The material is still archaic to the cause of many injuries and some localities decide to ban the practice too dangerous, supported by some lobby Puritans who saw this practice with a jaundiced eye. The lower number of practitioners, so it has grown as rapidly causing the collapse of companies skate. The skate is entering a phase of crisis that he will not leave before the ’70s with the revolution of urethane.
The invention in 1969 of the rear curved kick tail “by Larry Stevenson for a real brake assist and cornering, so it goes unnoticed today before the time determined the shape of modern skateboarding. In fact the use of a chemical derived from petroleum, which marks a complete break in the history of skateboarding: urethane. Discovered in the early twentieth century, it enables the manufacture of plastics applications which are already widely used for adhesives, paints, elastomers, foams, fibers …
In 1970, Frank and Bill Harward Nasworthy visiting a friend whose family owns a factory manufacturing plastic Purcellville (Virginia). In fact there are still remnants of manufacturing urethane wheels that are not satisfactory. The father who understood that they were interested they simply propose to take these wheels promised to destruction. The revelation that Frank Nasworthy had been in the plant was confirmed when he came down the slopes with his friends in Arlington (Virginia) near Washington: the wheels kept on track much better, less slipping and offered a more comfortable feeling than any other wheel of the time! After this experience, Frank Nasworthy decided to create his company skate wheels by purchasing a small factory manufacturing urethane in 1973. The first wheeled out under the name “Wheel Cadillac” to remind the flexibility they offer to practitioners, such as cars bearing that name.
The idea of producing urethane wheels specifically for the skate is the revival of skateboarding in the USA. The technology of this component would offer new opportunities and push the boundaries of the first productions. The advent of urethane revolutionizing the practice and sign the birth of modern skateboarding and its radicalization! Technical developments will then multiply: first laminated boards, special bearings, axle aluminum, etc. protections.
Remained only to find those who would sublimate practice and show the true abilities of modern skateboarding: Tony Alva, Jay Adams and Stacy Peralta, then members of the Zephyr Team (Z-Boys “) in the suburbs of Los Angeles , disturb the scene with their classic skate radical approach. Their style is innovative, aggressive and quickly please. They become the first stars of skate, go on tour and make the headlines practicing skateboarding in empty swimming pools. They truly launch the modern era of skateboarding that is growing only on a flat surface.
Finally, in 1978, Alan Gelfand invented the “ollie-air”, a figure which allows the board to take off the ground without using hands. This is the last key that opens the door of modern skateboarding. We can now skip the sidewalks and barriers. Skateboarding is not just a simple alternative to surfing, it creates a culture, we no longer hesitate between scooter, skate board, roll-surfing, sidewalk … what is now called “skateboard” and “skateboarding” unambiguous.
In France also knows his real skate early hours of glory in the 70s. Some skate brands already exist as “Barland” in Bayonne as a precursor in the surf or “Lacadur” in the Grenoble region. In 1975 Jean-Pierre Marking, creates the legendary French brand “Banzai skateboards” in reference to the martial arts he practices so assiduously. With Thierry Dupin, recognized as the best skateboarder then French, he will travel the country to promote skateboarding, some of the success that has occurred in the USA. There will be no mistake: in the late 70s are built skatepark and skate trails everywhere in France as La Villette, are organized many competitions, the Trocadero is overrun with skateboarders, and many children have a skate “Banzai” in their garage!
Today about 75% of practitioners are boys under 20 years old and most are urban. Here’s the composite sketch of Skateboarding: he is young and lives in town. This seems obvious, and it is an anecdote about this: during a session with one of my friends who has white hair a child cried when he ran on the ramp:
- “But sir it is not possible, it should not be skating!”
We ask him why and he then responds:
- “Well he is old!” He was really shocked, it sums up how the skate is often defined (reduced) as a sport for young people. Even though in the surf, a surfer old commands respect we found abnormal and ridiculous to see an adult skate, sometimes even within the skaters.
Skateboarding cultivates paradoxes: it is primarily a practice where individuality prevails as localism; phenomenon also observed in surf where appropriate a place and where it exerts on it a virtual monopoly, to reject any intrusion. Yet the notion of group and brotherhood is also important. This is not a team sport but the skaters are continually align the “spot” (place of practice) that becomes a place of exchange and communications with emphasis on the latest figures. One could perhaps compare this to the arts: the skater as a gallery artist, sharing his latest research on and everyone leaves his studio to dissect, analyze style, shape, take ownership and make its own key. Individuality is the premium, but the group confrontation and exchange that creates the emulsion. As art skate promotes antagonism: those for and those against. Ask: “for or against the tennis?” You answer this question that often has no meaning when you get to skate almost always arguments going in one direction or another.
Another paradox is rooted fairly emblematic of skateboarding around the notion of competition. In other sports, the competition is part and parcel of sport: it appreciates a player based on its classification. In skating, the competition regulations have never really found its place but the challenge and rivalry between practitioners are constant. The peer review is more important than arbitration competition orchestrated by multinationals. Like the X-Games, the competitions are often perceived as a festive event as opposed to a tennis tournament which operates between competitors such as sorting on the ATP circuit. There are many champions, but this does not seem to be what matters most to skaters.
Finally, the last known paradox lies in the complexity of the report to another: The skate cultivates its difference but yet desire to be recognized from its inception. Many associations and clubs and a federation made tremendous efforts in this direction. There is now a state certificate to teach discipline, but most practitioners are not affiliated and do skate without any infrastructure. If the skate is still somewhat outside is because it has difficulty uniting and much of skaters prefer to remain outside the conventional circuits in which they do not recognize.
A lifestyle is what most skaters will answer the question: “What is skateboarding?”. But what’s the difference between a passionate football and skate for example? Both can punctuate their lives around their passion, dressing, going to a group and grow in their respective activity. But we almost never speaks of “lifestyle” for football, tennis, golf, basketball … it certainly is not what occurs in the speech unlike sports.
Like it or not skateboarding lack of benchmarks and if we define skateboarding as a lifestyle is primarily because it conveys even the myth of its origins Californians a break with traditional sports. The skate, since its inception, is a form of breaking with conformity, it can be regarded as a mode of expression, it offers another dimension to travel and how to apprehend space. The skate also has a complete culture with its codes, its language, its music, its rites of passage, its various trends, styles and communities.
Plate (deck, board): it is the centerpiece of the skate. Mostly made from laminated birch or maple bamboo ply from July to December, there are also plates Dural, carbon and fiberglass with a foam core or wood. The general shape, length and width of the board vary from practice: Short and thin to the slalom, the symmetrical street with a tail (back) and nose (front) very pronounced. Finally more than 1 meter long for the longboard. In general all these boards have a concave on its entire length to improve the performance of the board and increase its stiffness.
Trucks are the axles of the skate. There are still 2 per sheet. Each truck supports two wheels. Most of the time they are aluminum but there are also productions composite. In the slalom trucks are not very large (average 100mm) to facilitate the speed of the turn. In the street an average of 130mm while in the longboard is often more width of 150mm and 190mm sometimes.
Wheels: Made of urethane are of different width, diameter and hardness as a function of practice again: For the slalom and longboarding are preferred tender wheels (75A-90A) for better grip and comfort. The diameter is large as 97 mm (average 76mm). For street and ramp wheels are harder (101A) for greater durability and smaller diameter: 50 mm on average.
Street: The essence of the sport, skateboarding was born in the streets. Originally the street was limited to simple movement, but since the invention of ollie and evolution of the discipline board uses all the possibilities offered by the furniture: stair, bench, sidewalk, wall, separation, inclined, sliding … are objects that make up the playground and expression (improvised or not) of street skater.
Ramp (green – vertical): This spectacular sport is practiced on a large module of wood or metal U-shaped with average dimensions are around 2.5m tall and almost 10m long and 5m wide. Originally it was to rebuild a section of pool (pool) in which the skaters could get back the feeling of surfing and making are related, each half U can be the face of a wave. There are also ramps small (mini-ramp) that do not generally vertical section and are more easily accessible for beginners.
Bowl / snake / pool: Discipline flagship 70s or concrete skateparks flourished around the world.Originally it was real or empty swimming pools of rainwater retention in which they practiced skateboarding. By extension, the skateparks were inspired curves and made modifications to make them less radical. The “pool” as the “bowl” pools are stylized, as the snake he is a snake-shaped slopes with curves on each side. Today there is very little infrastructure of this type (a suburb of Paris, Marseilles, La Roche sur Yon …).
Freestyle: This discipline has virtually disappeared when she was very popular until the ’80s. The Freestyle is practiced on a flat area, using a short narrow plank. It performs a sequence of figures for a choreographed, improvised or not, with or without music. In competition, the way to being done in figure skating, technique and artistic sensibility are judged.
Slalom: Discipline highly confidential account a limited number of practitioners. A worthy heir of the first skateboarding competitions, slalom may be similar to slalom skiing. It is carrying out a course skirting cones, this course can be timed and carried out in parallel (two riders against each other). This discipline is also very technical, make a detour to the Trocadero in Paris during a demonstration operation and you will see the control of insiders.
Longboard: As its name indicates it is a long board over a meter. The longboard can be divided into several categories:
- Pure descent (‘dh’ or ‘downhill’): one uses the long boards and stable (no ‘flex’ – ie steep) with or without concave wheels of large diameter and location of trucks in ‘drop through’ (crossing the plate) to lower the center of gravity. This discipline is practiced in long slopes (downhill passes for example) where speeds may be around 100 km / h!
- Cruising: Roughly translated as ‘ballad’. The cruising can be practiced with any skateboard but it is often a longboard board type is used. Could reduce the cruising to a simple commuting or moving to join a ‘spot’ street for example. But more and more practitioners are using a board and have specific goals other than walking the streets for the simple pleasure of driving. This practice tends to assert itself as a specific discipline demonstrated by the manufacturers who now offer a range of associated products.
Unable to reference all the possibilities here, not only because they are constantly changing but also because they are defined differently from one country to another town to see one another! You just keep in mind that most figures are defined by anglicisms that the list is not exhaustive and it cites only the basics:
Aerial: the ramp is out of the ramp, holding his board.
Blunt stopped by blocking the action behind the plate and the wheels on the module.
Boneless: it leans on the ground with his front foot to the jump by holding the plate by hand.
Fakie: make an action in reverse.
Grab: grab his board during the action.
Grind to rip the axles on the edge of a ramp, sidewalk …
Handplant or invert: ramp, stand balanced on one arm at the top of the ramp.
No Comply: Boneless like but without the hand.
Nollie: (see ollie) reversed ollie, you hit the front of the skate this time.
Ollie invented by Alan Gelfand in 1978 the “ollie-air, allows the board to take off the ground without using hands. They beat the back of the plank on the floor with the back foot to take off this one and then flip the board with the front foot, all in stock or not.
Ollie-flip: ollie pivot with the board on itself in the longitudinal axis of the board.
Rock’n roll slide: slide the board on a flight of stairs for example, the wheels on both sides of the ramp.
Slide: to skid the wheels.
Switch: a face to being inverted from its usual meaning of practice.
Wallride: driving on a wall.
Wheeling: travel on only one or two wheels.
Alan Gelfand (inventor of the Ollie in 1978)
Bob Burnquist (specialist ramp)
Chad Muska
Danny Way (one of the best global boom, the record for long jump)
Ed Templeton
Frank Nasworthy (inventor of the wheel urethane skate)
Gregg Weaver
Gilbert Rollet (toy maker known for its skate ‘Rollet’ in the 70s)
Hobie Alter (leading manufacturer of fiber board)
Jay Adams (Member of Team Zephyr precursor of modern skateboarding)
Jen-Pierre Marking (one of the pioneers of skateboarding in France, creator of the brand of skate “Banzai”)
Daniel Campbell
Kris Markovich
Larry Stevenson (inventor of the kick tail in 1969)
Michel Barland (a leading manufacturer of skate French)
Mike Powell (founder of the brand with Powell & Peralta Stacy Peralta)
Natas Kaupas (inventor of the wallride)
Phil Edwards
Pierre-Andre Senizergues (multiple champion of France, Europe and world champion in freestyle)
Rodney Mullen (multiple champion of the 80s, inventor of numerous figures)
Skip Frye
Tommy Guerrero
Stacy Peralta (member of Team Zephyr precursor of modern skateboarding)
Steve Caballero
Thierry Dupin (French best skater in the 70′s)
Tom Sims (one of the first to be used for laminated boards)
Tony Alva (member of Team Zephyr precursor of modern skateboarding)
Tony Hawk (skateboard star, a multiple champion)
The Skateboard Art (2007) - Author: Jim Phillips (ISBN-10: 0764328077 / ISBN-13: 978-0764328077)
Disposable: A History of Skateboard Art (2007) - Author: Sean Cliver (ISBN-10: 1584232641 / ISBN-13: 978-1584232643)
Skateboard Retrospective: A Collector’s Guide (2000) - Author: Rhyan Noll (ISBN-10: 0764311220 / ISBN-13: 978-0764311222)
The Concrete Wave: The History of Skateboarding (2001) - Author: Michael Brooke (ISBN-10: 1894020545 / ISBN-13: 978-1894020541)
The Skateboarding: A sport or game, hobby or passion (1978) - Author: Jean-Pierre Marquis, Jean-Claude Salemi (ASIN: B0014M1S6I)
Skateboarding: Small and big stories (2006) - Author: Fabrice Le Mao (ISBN-10: 2952402140 / ISBN-13: 978-2952402149)
Skate (2004) - Author: Fabrice Le Mao (ISBN-10: 2752800061 / ISBN-13: 978-2752800060)
Skate Life, 20 years of skateboarding in France (2003)
Dogtown and Z-Boys (2001)
Lords Of Dogtown (2006)
Ban this (1989)
Public Domain (1988)